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Clinical Orff Schulwerk Method
This approach, utilizing the method of music education developed by Carl Orff for
German school children, has been specially adapted for mentally retarded and autistic
children in the United States. COS or Clinical Orff Schulwerk offers an effective
groundwork for these children because of their pre-disposition toward rhythm, order
and repetition.
The overall process involves the use of movement, rhythm, sounds, language and
musical expression in a group experience. Structure is provided by simple chants,
rondos, poems, nonsense words and ostinati employed, all sung within the pentatonic
scale. The rondo form is used extensively, as it allows for repetition as well as for
individual creative response.
Specially-designed percussion instruments permit the participation of even the most
severely disturbed or handicapped child. Through "successive approximation", specific
tasks are taught in a concrete step-by-step approach. Learning is effected through
modeling (imitation) and behavior shaping, reinforced by behavioral techniques.
With groups of autistic children, considerable attention is given to language
development through the use of sign language, which is seen as enhancing speech.
Among other areas dealt with in the Orff context are body image and awareness,
laterality, gross motor expression, fine motor coordination, receptive language,
spatial relationships, simple categorizing and simple association. The significant value
of COS is that it helps the child become invested in a meaningful group experience.
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